Keluaran 29:38-42

29:38 “Now this is what you are to prepare ¹  on the altar every day continually: two lambs a year old. 29:39 The first lamb you are to prepare in the morning, and the second lamb you are to prepare around sundown. ²  29:40 With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah ³  of fine flour mixed with a fourth of a hin ⁴  of oil from pressed olives, and a fourth of a hin of wine as a drink offering. 29:41 The second lamb you are to offer around sundown; you are to prepare for it the same meal offering as for the morning and the same drink offering, for a soothing aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord.

29:42 “This will be a regular ⁵  burnt offering throughout your generations at the entrance of the tent of meeting before the Lord, where I will meet ⁶  with you to speak to you there.

Bilangan 28:3-8

28:3 You will say to them, ‘This is the offering made by fire which you must offer to the Lord: two unblemished lambs one year old each day for a continual ⁷  burnt offering. 28:4 The first lamb you must offer in the morning, and the second lamb you must offer in the late afternoon, ⁸  28:5 with one-tenth of an ephah ⁹  of finely ground flour as a grain offering mixed with one quarter of a hin ¹⁰  of pressed olive oil. 28:6 It is a continual burnt offering that was instituted on Mount Sinai as a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord.

28:7 “‘And its drink offering must be one quarter of a hin for each lamb. ¹¹  You must pour out the strong drink ¹²  as a drink offering to the Lord in the holy place. 28:8 And the second lamb you must offer in the late afternoon; just as you offered the grain offering and drink offering in the morning, ¹³  you must offer it as an offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to the Lord.

Bilangan 28:1

Daily Offerings

28:1 ¹⁴ The Lord spoke to Moses:

Kisah Para Rasul 18:1-2

Paul at Corinth

18:1 After this ¹⁵  Paul ¹⁶  departed from ¹⁷  Athens ¹⁸  and went to Corinth. ¹⁹  18:2 There he ²⁰  found ²¹  a Jew named Aquila, ²²  a native of Pontus, ²³  who had recently come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius ²⁴  had ordered all the Jews to depart from ²⁵  Rome. ²⁶  Paul approached ²⁷  them,

Kisah Para Rasul 2:4

2:4 All ²⁸  of them were filled with the Holy Spirit, and they began to speak in other languages ²⁹  as the Spirit enabled them. ³⁰ 

Kisah Para Rasul 1:3

1:3 To the same apostles ³¹  also, after his suffering, ³²  he presented himself alive with many convincing proofs. He was seen by them over a forty-day period ³³  and spoke about matters concerning the kingdom of God.

Ezra 3:3

3:3 They established the altar on its foundations, even though they were in terror of the local peoples, ³⁴  and they offered burnt offerings on it to the Lord, both the morning and the evening offerings.

Yehezkiel 46:13-15

46:13 “‘You ³⁵  will provide a lamb a year old without blemish for a burnt offering daily to the Lord; morning by morning he will provide it. 46:14 And you ³⁶  will provide a grain offering with it morning by morning, a sixth of an ephah, and a third of a gallon ³⁷  of olive oil to moisten the choice flour, as a grain offering to the Lord; this is a perpetual statute. 46:15 Thus they will provide the lamb, the grain offering, and the olive oil morning by morning, as a perpetual burnt offering.

Daniel 9:21

9:21 yes, while I was still praying, ³⁸  the man Gabriel, whom I had seen previously ³⁹  in a vision, was approaching me in my state of extreme weariness, ⁴⁰  around the time of the evening offering.

Amos 4:4

Israel has an Appointment with God

4:4 “Go to Bethel ⁴¹  and rebel! ⁴² 

At Gilgal ⁴³  rebel some more!

Bring your sacrifices in ⁴⁴  the morning,

your tithes on ⁴⁵  the third day!

[29:38]  ¹ tn The verb is “you will do,” “you will make.” It clearly refers to offering the animals on the altar, but may emphasize all the preparation that was involved in the process.

[29:39]  ² tn Heb “between the two evenings” or “between the two settings” (בֵּין הָעַרְבָּיִם, ben ha’arbayim). This expression has had a good deal of discussion. (1) Tg. Onq. says “between the two suns,” which the Talmud explains as the time between the sunset and the time the stars become visible. More technically, the first “evening” would be the time between sunset and the appearance of the crescent moon, and the second “evening” the next hour, or from the appearance of the crescent moon to full darkness (see Deut 16:6 – “at the going down of the sun”). (2) Saadia, Rashi, and Kimchi say the first evening is when the sun begins to decline in the west and cast its shadows, and the second evening is the beginning of night. (3) The view adopted by the Pharisees and the Talmudists (b. Pesahim 61a) is that the first evening is when the heat of the sun begins to decrease, and the second evening begins at sunset, or, roughly from 3-5 p.m. The Mishnah (m. Pesahim 5:1) indicates the lamb was killed about 2:30 p.m. – anything before noon was not valid. S. R. Driver concludes from this survey that the first view is probably the best, although the last view was the traditionally accepted one (Exodus, 89-90). Late afternoon or early evening seems to be intended, the time of twilight perhaps.

[29:40]  ³ tn The phrase “of an ephah” has been supplied for clarity (cf. Num 28:5). The ephah was a commonly used dry measure whose capacity is now uncertain: “Quotations given for the ephah vary from ca. 45 to 20 liters” (C. Houtman, Exodus, 2:340-41).

[29:40]  ⁴ tn “Hin” is a transliterated Hebrew word that seems to have an Egyptian derivation. The amount of liquid measured by a hin is uncertain: “Its presumed capacity varies from about 3,5 liters to 7,5 liters” (C. Houtman, Exodus, 3:550).

[29:42]  ⁵ tn The translation has “regular” instead of “continually,” because they will be preparing this twice a day.

[29:42]  ⁶ tn The relative clause identifies the place in front of the Tent as the place that Yahweh would meet Moses. The main verb of the clause is אִוָּעֵד (’ivva’ed), a Niphal imperfect of the verb יָעַד (ya’ad), the verb that is cognate to the name “tent of meeting” – hence the name. This clause leads into the next four verses.

[28:3]  ⁷ sn The sacrifice was to be kept burning, but each morning the priests would have to clean the grill and put a new offering on the altar. So the idea of a continual burnt offering is more that of a regular offering.

[28:4]  ⁸ tn Heb “between the evenings” meaning between dusk and dark.

[28:5]  ⁹ sn That is about two quarts.

[28:5]  ¹⁰ sn That is about one quart.

[28:7]  ¹¹ tn Heb “the one lamb,” but it is meant to indicate for “each lamb.”

[28:7]  ¹² tn The word שֵׁכָר (shekhar) is often translated “strong drink.” It can mean “barley beer” in the Akkadian cognate, and also in the Hebrew Bible when joined with the word for wine. English versions here read “wine” (NAB, TEV, CEV); “strong wine” (KJV); “fermented drink” (NIV, NLT); “strong drink” (ASV, NASB, NRSV).

[28:8]  ¹³ tn Heb “as the grain offering of the morning and as its drink offering.”

[28:1]  ¹⁴ sn For additional reading on these chapters, see G. B. Gray, Sacrifice in the Old Testament; A. F. Rainey, “The Order of Sacrifices in the Old Testament Ritual Texts,” Bib 51 (1970): 485-98; N. H. Snaith, The Jewish New Year Festival.

[18:1]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “After these things.”

[18:1]  ¹⁶ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[18:1]  ¹⁷ tn Or “Paul left.”

[18:1]  ¹⁸ map For location see JP1 C2; JP2 C2; JP3 C2; JP4 C2.

[18:1]  ¹⁹ sn Corinth was the capital city of the senatorial province of Achaia and the seat of the Roman proconsul. It was located 55 mi (88 km) west of Athens. Corinth was a major rival to Athens and was the largest city in Greece at the time.

[18:1]  map For location see JP1 C2; JP2 C2; JP3 C2; JP4 C2.

[18:2]  ²⁰ tn Grk “And he.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here. The word “there” is not in the Greek text but is implied.

[18:2]  ²¹ tn Grk “finding.” The participle εὑρών (Jeurwn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.

[18:2]  ²² sn On Aquila and his wife Priscilla see also Acts 18:18, 26; Rom 16:3-4; 1 Cor 16:19; 2 Tim 4:19. In the NT “Priscilla” and “Prisca” are the same person. This author uses the full name Priscilla, while Paul uses the diminutive form Prisca.

[18:2]  ²³ sn Pontus was a region in the northeastern part of Asia Minor. It was a Roman province.

[18:2]  ²⁴ sn Claudius refers to the Roman emperor Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus, known as Claudius, who ruled from a.d. 41-54. The edict expelling the Jews from Rome was issued in a.d. 49 (Suetonius, Claudius 25.4).

[18:2]  ²⁵ tn Or “to leave.”

[18:2]  ²⁶ map For location see JP4 A1.

[18:2]  ²⁷ tn Or “went to.”

[2:4]  ²⁸ tn Grk “And all.” Because of the difference between Greek style, which often begins sentences or clauses with “and,” and English style, which generally does not, καί (kai) has not been translated here.

[2:4]  ²⁹ tn The Greek term is γλώσσαις (glwssai"), the same word used for the tongues of fire.

[2:4]  sn Other languages. Acts 2:6-7 indicates that these were languages understandable to the hearers, a diverse group from “every nation under heaven.”

[2:4]  ³⁰ tn Grk “just as the spirit gave them to utter.” The verb ἀποφθέγγομαι (apofqengomai) was used of special utterances in Classical Greek (BDAG 125 s.v.).

[1:3]  ³¹ tn Grk “to them”; the referent (the apostles) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[1:3]  ³² sn After his suffering is a reference to Jesus’ crucifixion and the abuse which preceded it.

[1:3]  ³³ tn Grk “during forty days.” The phrase “over a forty-day period” is used rather than “during forty days” because (as the other NT accounts of Jesus’ appearances make clear) Jesus was not continually visible to the apostles during the forty days, but appeared to them on various occasions.

[3:3]  ³⁴ tn Heb “the peoples of the lands.”

[46:13]  ³⁵ tc A few Hebrew mss, the LXX, and the Vulgate read the verb as third person singular (referring to the prince), both here and later in the verse.

[46:14]  ³⁶ tc Two medieval Hebrew mss, the LXX, the Syriac, and the Vulgate read the verb as third person singular.

[46:14]  ³⁷ tn Heb “a hin of oil.” A hin was about 1/16 of a bath. See L. C. Allen, Ezekiel (WBC), 2:266, and O. R. Sellers, “Weights,” IDB 4:835 g.

[9:21]  ³⁸ tn Heb “speaking in prayer.”

[9:21]  ³⁹ tn Heb “in the beginning.”

[9:21]  ⁴⁰ tn The Hebrew expression בִּיעָף מֻעָף (mu’af bi’af) is very difficult. The issue is whether the verb derives from עוּף (’uf, “to fly”) or from יָעַף (ya’af, “to be weary”). Many ancient versions and modern commentators take the first of these possibilities and understand the reference to be to the swift flight of the angel Gabriel in his coming to Daniel. The words more likely refer to the extreme weariness, not of the angel, but of Daniel. Cf. 7:28; 8:27; 10:8-9, 16-17; also NASB.

[4:4]  ⁴¹ sn Bethel and Gilgal were important formal worship centers because of their importance in Israel’s history. Here the Lord ironically urges the people to visit these places so they can increase their sin against him. Their formal worship, because it was not accompanied by social justice, only made them more guilty in God’s sight by adding hypocrisy to their list of sins. Obviously, theirs was a twisted view of the Lord. They worshiped a god of their own creation in order to satisfy their religious impulses (see 4:5: “For you love to do this”). Note that none of the rituals listed in 4:4-5 have to do with sin.

[4:4]  map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

[4:4]  ⁴² tn The Hebrew word translated “rebel” (also in the following line) could very well refer here to Israel’s violations of their covenant with God (see also the term “crimes” in 1:3 [with note] and the phrase “covenant transgressions” in 2:4 [with note]; 3:14).

[4:4]  ⁴³ sn See the note on Bethel earlier in this verse.

[4:4]  ⁴⁴ tn Or “for.”

[4:4]  ⁴⁵ tn Or “for.”